Kutaura nezvevacheri (2)

Common excavators

Macherwa akajairwa akakamurwa kuita marudzi maviri: machera emukati anopisa anotyairwa nemagetsi uye machera anofambiswa nemagetsi.Pakati pavo, magetsi emagetsi anonyanya kushandiswa muplateau hypoxia, migodhi yepasi uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinoputika.
Zvinoenderana nehukuru hwakasiyana, vanochera vanogona kupatsanurwa kuita makura ekuchera, epakati ekuchera uye madiki ekuchera.
Zvinoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzekufamba, vanochera vanogona kukamurwa kuita vanochera vanochera uye vane mavhiri ekuchera.
Zvinoenderana neakasiyana ekutapurirana modhi, vanochera vanogona kukamurwa kuita hydraulic excavator uye mechanic excavators.Mechanical excavator inonyanya kushandiswa mune mimwe migodhi mikuru.
Zvinoenderana nechinangwa, vacheri vanogona kukamurwa kuva vanzveri vemazuva ese, vacheri vemigodhi, vanochera mugungwa, vacheri vakasarudzika, nezvimwe.
Zvinoenderana nebhaketi, vanochera vanogona kukamurwa kuita foshoro yepamberi, backhoe, dragline uye kubata foshoro.Mafoshoro epamberi anonyanya kushandiswa kuchera zvinhu pamusoro pepamusoro, uye mahombe emusana anonyanya kushandiswa kuchera zvinhu pasi pevhu.
1. Mhodzi Rudzi rwemusana ndiyo yatakaona, ichidzokera pasi, ichicheka ivhu nechisimba.Inogona kushandiswa kuchera pasi pekuvhara kwekushanda kwepamusoro.Nzira dzekutanga dzekuvhiya ndeidzi: kuchera goronga, kuchera padivi, kuchera mutsara wakatwasuka, kuchera curve, kuchengetedza imwe kona yekuchera, kuchera kwakadzika mugero uye kuchera mugero, nezvimwe.
2. Pamberi pefoshoro yekuchera
Chimiro chekuita chefoshoro chefoshoro yekuchera yepamberi.Chimiro chayo ndeche "mberi uye kumusoro, kumanikidzirwa kutema ivhu".Foshoro yepamberi ine simba guru rekuchera uye inogona kuchera ivhu pamusoro penzvimbo yekumira.Yakakodzera kuchera makomba akaoma enheyo ane hurefu hunodarika 2m, asi kumusoro uye pasi ramps inofanira kuiswa.Bhakiti refoshoro yepamberi yakakura kudarika yebackhoe excavator yezvakafanana, uye inogona kuchera zvinhu zvine mvura isingapfuuri 27%.
Kune marudzi matatu evhu, uye shandira pamwe nerori yekurasa kupedzisa kuchera kwese uye kufambisa mabasa, uye unogona zvakare kuchera hombe yakaoma nheyo makomba uye mirwi.Nzira yekuchera yefoshoro yepamberi inobva pamusiyano pakati penzira yekuchera uye nzvimbo yakaenzana yemotokari yekutakura.Kune nzira mbiri dzekuchera nekudzikisa ivhu: kuchera mberi, kuburitsa parutivi;kuchera mberi, kudzosera kumashure.Kuburutsa ivhu.
3. Dragline excavator
Mitsetse yekuzvuzvurudza inonziwo mitsetse.Maitiro ekuchera kwayo ndeokuti: "kumashure uye pasi, kutema ivhu pasi pehuremu hwayo".Inokodzera kuchera kweKirasi I uye II ivhu pazasi pekumira kwepasi.Paunenge uchishanda, bhakiti rinokandwa kunze neinertial simba, uye kureba kwekuchera kwakakura, uye nzvimbo yekuchera uye kudzika kwekuchera yakakura, asi haina kushanduka uye yakarurama se backhoe.Kunyanya kukodzera kuchera makomba makuru uye akadzika nheyo kana kuchera pasi pemvura.
4. Bata nefoshoro excavator
Grab excavator inonziwo grab excavator.Maitiro ekuchera kwayo ndeokuti: "kururamisa kumusoro uye pasi, kutema ivhu pasi pehuremu hwayo".Inokodzera kucherwa kweKirasi I uye II ivhu pazasi pekumira kwepasi, uye inowanzoshandiswa kuchera nheyo dzemakomba uye caissons munzvimbo dzakapfava ivhu.Inonyanya kukodzera kuchera makomba akadzika uye akatetepa nheyo, kuchera machenera ekare, kuchera silt mumvura, nezvimwewo, kana kurodha zvinhu zvakasununguka zvakaita sematombo uye slag.Kune marudzi maviri ekuchera: mugero wedivi rekuchera uye nzvimbo yekuchera.Kana iyo yakabata ichigadzirwa mugridhi, inogonawo kushandiswa kurodha zvidhinha zveore, huni dzehuni, huni, nezvimwewo muyadhi yelogi.
Yakazara hydraulic azimuth excavator
Ruzhinji rwevacheri vemazuva ano vakazara hydraulic azimuth yekuchera.Hydraulic excavator inonyanya kuumbwa neinjini, hydraulic system, chishandiso chekushanda, mudziyo wekufambisa uye kutonga kwemagetsi.Iyo hydraulic system inosanganisira hydraulic pump, control valve, hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic motor, pipeline, mafuta tank, etc. Iyo magetsi ekugadzirisa magetsi anosanganisira monitoring panel, injini control system, pump control system, sensors dzakasiyana-siyana, solenoid valves, nezvimwewo.
Hydraulic excavator inowanzo umbwa nezvikamu zvitatu: chishandiso chekushanda, muviri wepamusoro uye wakadzika muviri.Zvinoenderana nechimiro chayo uye kushandiswa kwayo, inogona kukamurwa kuita: chinokambaira mhando, tire, rudzi rwekufamba, yakazara hydraulic, semi-hydraulic, kutenderera kwakazara, kutenderera kusiri kuzere, kutenderera mhando, yakakosha mhando, yakataurwa mhando, telescopic boom mhando uye mamwe marudzi.
Chishandiso chekushanda ndicho chigadziro chinopedzisa zvakananga basa rekuchera.Inosungirirwa nezvikamu zvitatu: boom, tsvimbo uye bhakiti.Kuti zvizadzise zvinodikanwa zvemabasa akasiyana ekuvaka, ma hydraulic excavator anogona kuve akashongedzerwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa, senge kuchera, kusimudza, kurodha, kuenzanisa, mabhanhire, bulldozing, kukanganisa sando, rotary drilling uye zvimwe zvekushandisa.
Mushonga wekuuraya uye wekufamba ndiwo muviri we hydraulic excavator, uye chikamu chepamusoro cheturntable chinopiwa nemagetsi emagetsi uye nzira yekufambisa.Injini ndiyo sosi yemagetsi e hydraulic excavator, mazhinji ayo anoshandisa mafuta edhiziri munzvimbo iri nyore, uye anogona zvakare kushandisa mota yemagetsi pachinzvimbo.
Iyo hydraulic transmission system inoendesa simba reinjini kune hydraulic mota, hydraulic cylinder uye mamwe ma actuators kuburikidza ne hydraulic pombi, uye inosundira chiito chechishandiso chekushanda kupedzisa mabasa akasiyana siyana.